Active Design

An approach to architecture and urban planning that encourages physical activity and health through the built environment. Active design incorporates features like prominent staircases, walking paths, and exercise spaces to promote movement. This strategy can reduce sedentary behaviour, improve cardiovascular health, and enhance overall wellbeing in urban populations.

Source: Center for Active Design

Adaptive Comfort

A model for thermal comfort that takes into account human psychology and behaviour, recognising that people can adapt to different temperatures. This approach allows for more flexible temperature ranges in buildings, potentially reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling while maintaining occupant satisfaction. Adaptive comfort models are particularly relevant in naturally ventilated buildings.

Source: ASHRAE

Aromatherapy

The use of plant-derived, aromatic essential oils to promote physical and psychological wellbeing. In the built environment, aromatherapy can be integrated into ventilation systems or used in specific spaces to create calming or energising atmospheres. This practice may help reduce stress, improve sleep quality, and enhance cognitive performance in occupants.

Bioacoustics

The study of sound production and perception in animals, including humans. In the context of the built environment, bioacoustics informs the design of spaces that minimize harmful noise pollution and create soundscapes that support human health and wildlife. This can include using natural sounds to mask urban noise or designing buildings to protect sensitive species from acoustic disturbances.

Source: International Bioacoustics Council

Biodynamic Lighting

A lighting approach that mimics the natural patterns of daylight to support human circadian rhythms. Biodynamic lighting systems adjust color temperature and intensity throughout the day, potentially improving sleep quality, mood, and cognitive function in building occupants. This technology is particularly relevant in spaces with limited access to natural daylight.

Source: International Association of Lighting Designers

Bioenergetics

The study of energy flow through living systems. In the built environment, bioenergetics principles can inform the design of spaces that optimise human energy and vitality. This may include considerations of air quality, natural light exposure, and electromagnetic fields to create environments that support physiological and psychological wellbeing.

Source: International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis

Biofeedback

A technique that uses real-time monitoring of physiological processes to help individuals gain conscious control over typically involuntary bodily functions. In buildings, biofeedback systems can be integrated to help occupants manage stress, improve focus, or optimise their physical state. This technology could be particularly useful in workplace or healthcare settings.

Source: Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

Biomusicology

The study of music from a biological perspective, examining its evolutionary origins and neurological effects. In the built environment, biomusicology insights can inform the use of music and sound to create spaces that enhance mood, productivity, and wellbeing. This could include designing acoustic environments that leverage the beneficial effects of certain musical structures or rhythms.

Source: Society for Music Perception and Cognition

Biophonic Environments

Spaces designed to incorporate and optimise the natural soundscape, particularly the sounds produced by living organisms. Biophonic environments in buildings or urban areas can help mask unwanted noise, reduce stress, and improve connection to nature. This approach often involves careful acoustic design and the integration of water features or wildlife habitats.

Breathwork

A range of breathing techniques and exercises used to improve physical and mental health. In the built environment, dedicated spaces for breathwork or the integration of air quality systems that support deep breathing can be incorporated. These features may help reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance overall wellbeing for building occupants.

Chronobiology

The study of biological rhythms and how they affect living organisms. Chronobiology examines cycles such as circadian rhythms, which are roughly 24-hour cycles in the physiological processes of living beings. Understanding chronobiology can inform the design of environments that align with natural biological rhythms, improving sleep, mood, and overall health.

Source: Society for Research on Biological Rhythms

Circadian Rhythm Optimisation

The practice of designing environments and schedules to align with the body's natural circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, and other bodily functions. Optimising circadian rhythms can improve sleep quality, cognitive function, and overall wellbeing. This can be achieved through lighting design, exposure to natural light, and scheduling activities at appropriate times.

Source: National Sleep Foundation

Cognitive Ergonomics

The study of how cognitive processes (e.g., perception, memory, reasoning) interact with elements of the physical environment. Cognitive ergonomics aims to design tools, systems, and environments that enhance cognitive performance and reduce errors. This field is crucial in designing workplaces, educational settings, and user interfaces that support mental processes and improve efficiency and safety.

Source: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Colour Therapy

Also known as chromotherapy, this practice uses colours to influence physical and emotional wellbeing. Different colours are believed to have specific effects, such as blue for calming and red for energizing. In interior design, colour therapy can be applied to create spaces that promote relaxation, focus, or healing, depending on the intended use of the space.

Source: International Association of Color Therapy

Contemplative Spaces

Spaces designed to promote reflection, meditation, and tranquility. These environments often incorporate elements such as natural light, water features, and quiet areas to support mental and emotional wellbeing. Contemplative spaces can be found in healthcare settings, workplaces, and public parks, providing respite from the stresses of daily life.

Source: American Society of Landscape Architects

Eco-therapy

A therapeutic practice that involves engaging with nature to improve mental and physical wellbeing. Eco-therapy can include activities such as gardening, nature walks, and conservation work. This approach leverages the restorative effects of nature to reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall health.

Source: Ecotherapy.org

Embodied Cognition

A theory suggesting that cognitive processes are deeply rooted in the body's interactions with the environment. This concept has implications for design, as it emphasizes the importance of creating spaces that support physical movement and sensory engagement. Environments that consider embodied cognition can enhance learning, creativity, and overall cognitive function.

Source: International Society for the Study of Embodied Cognition

Emotional Architecture

An approach to design that focuses on creating spaces that evoke specific emotional responses. Emotional architecture considers factors such as colour, light, texture, and spatial layout to influence feelings and behaviours. This approach can be used to design therapeutic environments, inspiring workplaces, and comforting homes.

Environmental Psychology

The study of the relationship between humans and their physical surroundings. Environmental psychology examines how environments influence behaviour, wellbeing, and social interactions. Insights from this field can inform the design of spaces that promote health, productivity, and social cohesion.

Source: Environmental Design Research Association

Ergonomic Design

The practice of designing products, systems, and environments to fit the user's needs, reducing strain and improving comfort and productivity. Ergonomic design considers factors such as posture, movement, and accessibility to create spaces that support physical health and prevent injuries.

Source: Ergonomics.org.uk

Forest Bathing

A Japanese practice known as "Shinrin-yoku," which involves spending time in a forested area to enhance mental and physical health. Forest bathing emphasises the therapeutic benefits of immersing oneself in nature, such as reducing stress, lowering blood pressure, and improving mood. This practice can be integrated into urban planning by creating accessible green spaces and parks that encourage residents to connect with nature.

Source: Association of Nature and Forest Therapy

Fractals in Design

The use of repeating patterns at different scales in architectural and interior design to create visually appealing and psychologically beneficial environments. Fractals are found in nature and have been shown to reduce stress and enhance cognitive function. Incorporating fractal patterns in design can improve occupant wellbeing by mimicking the natural world's complexity and harmony.

Source: Biomimicry Institute

Geomancy

An ancient practice of divination that interprets markings on the ground or the patterns formed by tossed handfuls of soil, rocks, or sand. In modern design, geomancy can influence the placement and orientation of buildings to harmonise with the earth's energies. This practice aims to create spaces that promote health, prosperity, and harmony with the environment.

Source: Geomancy Group

Green Exercise

Physical activity performed in natural environments, which has been shown to enhance mental and physical health more than exercise in urban settings. Green exercise can include activities such as walking, running, cycling, or yoga in parks, forests, or other green spaces. Incorporating green exercise opportunities into urban planning can promote community health and wellbeing.

Haptic Design

Design that focuses on the sense of touch to create more engaging and interactive environments. Haptic design can be used in architecture and interior design to enhance user experience through textures, materials, and tactile feedback. This approach can improve accessibility, comfort, and emotional connection to spaces.

Source: International Journal of Design

Healing Gardens

Gardens specifically designed to promote health and wellbeing, often found in healthcare settings such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Healing gardens incorporate elements like medicinal plants, water features, and quiet areas to create a therapeutic environment that supports physical and emotional recovery.

Source: American Horticultural Therapy Association

Holistic Health Spaces

Environments designed to support the overall wellbeing of occupants by addressing physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Holistic health spaces integrate elements such as natural light, air quality, biophilic design, and areas for relaxation and meditation to create a balanced and nurturing environment.

Source: International WELL Building Institute

Human-Centered Design

A design approach that prioritises the needs, preferences, and wellbeing of the people who use the space. Human-centered design involves understanding user experiences and creating solutions that enhance comfort, accessibility, and satisfaction. This approach is widely used in architecture, product design, and urban planning to create more livable and functional environments.

Source: IDEO

Hydrotherapy Environments

Spaces designed for therapeutic use of water to promote health and wellbeing. Hydrotherapy environments can include pools, hot tubs, saunas, and steam rooms, offering benefits such as pain relief, improved circulation, and relaxation. These environments are often found in spas, wellness centers, and healthcare facilities.

Indoor Air Biofiltration

The use of plants and other natural systems to filter and purify indoor air, improving air quality and occupant health. Biofiltration systems can remove pollutants, increase oxygen levels, and reduce airborne pathogens. Integrating biofiltration into building design can create healthier indoor environments and enhance overall wellbeing.

Source: National Institutes of Health

Integrative Wellness

An approach to health and wellbeing that combines conventional medicine with complementary therapies, considering the whole person - body, mind, and spirit. In the built environment, integrative wellness spaces incorporate elements that support physical, mental, and emotional health, such as natural light, air purification systems, meditation areas, and fitness facilities.

Source: Global Wellness Institute

Intuitive Wayfinding

The design of spaces and signage systems that allow people to navigate environments easily and naturally, without conscious effort. Intuitive wayfinding in buildings and urban areas can reduce stress, improve accessibility, and enhance the overall user experience by incorporating clear visual cues, logical layouts, and consistent design elements.

Source: Society for Experiential Graphic Design

Kinesthetic Learning Spaces

Environments designed to facilitate learning through physical movement and hands-on experiences. These spaces encourage active engagement and can include features such as flexible furniture, interactive displays, and areas for group activities, supporting diverse learning styles and improving cognitive function through movement.

Source: Association for Learning Environments

Light Therapy

The use of specific wavelengths of light to treat various conditions, including seasonal affective disorder, sleep disorders, and certain skin conditions. In the built environment, light therapy rooms or integrated lighting systems can be incorporated to support occupant health and wellbeing, particularly in areas with limited natural daylight.

Source: International Association of Lighting Designers

Living Walls

Vertical gardens integrated into building facades or interior walls, providing both aesthetic and functional benefits. Living walls can improve air quality, reduce urban heat island effects, enhance biodiversity, and contribute to occupant wellbeing through biophilic design principles.

Source: Green Roofs for Healthy Cities

Meditative Architecture

Design approaches that create spaces conducive to contemplation, mindfulness, and spiritual experiences. Meditative architecture often incorporates elements such as natural materials, minimalist aesthetics, careful use of light and shadow, and acoustic considerations to foster a sense of calm and introspection.

Source: Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture

Microbiome-friendly Spaces

Environments designed to support and enhance the human microbiome - the community of microorganisms that live in and on the human body. These spaces may incorporate materials and systems that promote beneficial microbial diversity, such as natural ventilation, non-toxic cleaning practices, and connections to nature.

Source: Microbiome Institute

Mindfulness Zones

Dedicated areas within buildings or urban spaces designed to support mindfulness practices and stress reduction. These zones may feature quiet spaces for meditation, sensory gardens, or interactive elements that encourage present-moment awareness and relaxation.

Source: International WELL Building Institute

Movement-inducing Design

Architectural and urban design strategies that encourage physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour. This can include features such as prominent staircases, walking paths, active workstations, and outdoor exercise areas, promoting health and wellbeing through increased movement throughout the day.

Source: Center for Active Design

Multi-sensory Environments

Spaces designed to engage multiple senses simultaneously, enhancing user experience and supporting various therapeutic and educational purposes. These environments may incorporate elements such as textured surfaces, aromatic plants, sound installations, and interactive light displays to create immersive and stimulating experiences.

Source: International Association of Snoezelen Multisensory Environment

Nature-based Solutions

An approach that uses natural systems or processes to address societal challenges, providing benefits for both human well-being and biodiversity. In the built environment, this can include green roofs, urban forests, and constructed wetlands that manage stormwater, reduce urban heat, and enhance biodiversity while creating pleasant spaces for people.

Source: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Neuroarchitecture

The study of how the built environment affects the human brain and behavior, using neuroscience to inform architectural design. This approach aims to create spaces that enhance cognitive function, emotional well-being, and overall human performance by considering factors like light, colour, spatial layout, and acoustics.

Source: Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture (ANFA)

Neurodiversity-friendly Design

An approach to designing spaces that accommodate and support individuals with diverse neurological conditions, such as autism, ADHD, and dyslexia. This involves creating environments that are adaptable, sensory-considerate, and inclusive to various cognitive styles and needs.

Source: Institute of Neurodiversity (ION)

Olfactory Design

The intentional use of scents and fragrances in architectural and interior design to enhance user experience, evoke emotions, and create memorable spaces. This can involve integrating natural scents from plants or using artificial scent diffusion systems to improve well-being and cognitive performance.

Organic Architecture

A philosophy of architecture that promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural environment. Developed by Frank Lloyd Wright, this approach seeks to design structures that are in sympathy with their surroundings, using natural materials and forms that blend seamlessly with the landscape.

Source: Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation

Passive Wellness Design

An approach to building design that prioritises occupant health and well-being through passive strategies, such as natural ventilation, daylighting, and the use of non-toxic materials. This method aims to create healthier indoor environments without relying heavily on active mechanical systems.

Source: International WELL Building Institute

Permaculture Integration

The application of permaculture principles to architectural and urban design, focusing on creating sustainable and regenerative built environments. This approach emphasises working with nature, maximizing resource efficiency, and creating closed-loop systems within the built environment.

Source: Permaculture Research Institute

Phenomenology in Architecture

A philosophical approach to architectural design that emphasises the experiential qualities of space and the way humans perceive and interact with their built environment. This method focuses on creating meaningful, sensory-rich spaces that connect people to their surroundings on an emotional and physical level.

Photobiology

The study of the effects of light on living organisms, including humans. In architecture, photobiology informs the design of lighting systems and building envelopes to optimise human health, circadian rhythms, and well-being through the strategic use of natural and artificial light.

Source: American Society for Photobiology

Physiological Monitoring Spaces

Environments equipped with sensors and technologies to monitor occupants' physiological responses, such as heart rate, skin conductance, and brain activity. These spaces can be used to assess and optimise the impact of design elements on human health and performance in real-time.

Source: MIT Media Lab

Positive Distraction Theory

A concept in environmental psychology that suggests certain elements in the environment can capture attention and promote wellbeing by distracting from negative stimuli or stressful situations. In design, this can involve incorporating natural elements, artwork, or interactive features that engage users positively, reducing stress and improving overall experience.

Source: Center for Health Design

Prospect-Refuge Theory

An architectural and urban design theory proposing that people prefer environments that offer both prospect (clear views) and refuge (safe spaces). This concept, developed by geographer Jay Appleton, suggests that spaces balancing openness and enclosure are most psychologically comfortable, influencing design choices in buildings and public spaces.

Source: Terrapin Bright Green

Psychoacoustics

The scientific study of sound perception and how it affects human psychology and behaviour. In the built environment, psychoacoustics informs the design of spaces to optimise acoustic comfort, reduce noise stress, and enhance wellbeing through careful consideration of sound qualities and their psychological impacts.

Source: Acoustical Society of America

Regenerative Spaces

Environments designed to not only minimise negative impacts but actively contribute to the health of ecosystems and communities. These spaces go beyond sustainability to create positive ecological and social outcomes, often incorporating living systems, renewable energy, and community engagement in their design and operation.

Source: International Living Future Institute

Restorative Environmental Design

An approach that combines sustainable design principles with a focus on human health and wellbeing. This concept emphasises creating environments that replenish mental resources, reduce stress, and improve cognitive function, often through the integration of natural elements and biophilic design strategies.

Source: Journal of Environmental Psychology

Salutogenic Design

A design philosophy based on Aaron Antonovsky's salutogenesis theory, focusing on factors that support human health and wellbeing rather than on factors that cause disease. In architecture and urban planning, this approach aims to create environments that promote physical, mental, and social wellbeing by enhancing comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness.

Sensory Gardens

Specially designed outdoor spaces that stimulate the senses through carefully selected plants, materials, and features. These gardens are particularly beneficial for individuals with sensory processing disorders, dementia, or other cognitive impairments, offering therapeutic benefits and enhancing quality of life through multi-sensory engagement.

Source: Therapeutic Landscapes Network

Slow Spaces

Environments designed to encourage a slower pace of life, promoting mindfulness, relaxation, and deeper connection with surroundings. This concept, inspired by the Slow Movement, applies to urban design, architecture, and interior spaces, aiming to counteract the stress and rapid pace of modern life through thoughtful, human-centered design.

Social Ecology

An interdisciplinary field that examines the relationships between human societies and their environment. In the context of the built environment, social ecology informs design practices that promote social equity, community resilience, and sustainable human-environment interactions, often emphasizing participatory design processes and community-based solutions.

Soft Fascination Environments

Spaces designed to capture attention gently and effortlessly, allowing for mental restoration and reflection. Based on Attention Restoration Theory, these environments, often featuring natural elements like flowing water or swaying trees, help reduce mental fatigue and improve cognitive function by providing a restorative experience that doesn't require directed attention.

Source: Journal of Environmental Psychology

Somatics in Design

An approach that incorporates awareness of bodily sensations and movement into design practices, aiming to create spaces that enhance physical and emotional wellbeing. Somatic design considers how the built environment affects and interacts with the human body, promoting designs that support natural movement patterns and sensory experiences.

Source: Journal of Interior Design

Sound Healing Spaces

Environments designed to use sound and vibration for therapeutic purposes, promoting relaxation, stress reduction, and overall wellbeing. These spaces may incorporate specific acoustic properties, sound installations, or instruments to create immersive sonic experiences that support healing and meditation practices.

Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Spatial Medicine

An emerging field that explores how the design and configuration of physical spaces can impact human health and wellbeing. Spatial medicine integrates principles from architecture, neuroscience, and public health to create environments that actively promote physical and mental health outcomes.

Source: Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture

Stress-reduction Landscapes

Outdoor environments specifically designed to alleviate stress and promote relaxation through careful selection of natural elements, spatial arrangements, and sensory experiences. These landscapes often incorporate features such as water elements, secluded seating areas, and diverse plant life to create restorative experiences.

Source: Landscape and Urban Planning Journal

Tactile Design

A design approach that emphasises the sense of touch, creating environments and objects that engage users through tactile experiences. In architecture and interior design, tactile design considers the textures, temperatures, and materials used in spaces to enhance user comfort, orientation, and emotional connection.

Source: Design Studies Journal

Therapeutic Landscapes

Spaces designed to promote healing and wellbeing through the integration of natural elements and thoughtful design. These landscapes, often found in healthcare settings, combine physical features with social and symbolic environments to create restorative experiences for users.

Source: Health & Place Journal

Thermal Comfort Optimisation

The process of designing and managing indoor environments to achieve optimal temperature conditions for occupant comfort and wellbeing. This approach considers factors such as air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant temperature to create spaces that support human thermal preferences and energy efficiency.Source: 

ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)

Tranquility Gardens

Specially designed outdoor spaces that prioritise peace, quiet, and contemplation. These gardens often feature elements such as water features, secluded seating areas, and carefully selected plants to create an atmosphere conducive to relaxation and mental restoration.

Universal Design

A design approach that aims to create environments, products, and services that are accessible and usable by all people, regardless of age, ability, or status. Universal design principles promote inclusivity and flexibility in the built environment, ensuring that spaces can accommodate a wide range of user needs and preferences.

Source: Centre for Excellence in Universal Design

Urban Acupuncture

A targeted approach to urban revitalisation that focuses on small-scale interventions to catalyze positive change in larger urban systems. This strategy, inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, identifies key points in a city where minimal input can yield maximum benefits, often addressing social, economic, and environmental issues simultaneously.

Source: Journal of Urban Design

Vertical Gardens

Vertical gardens, also known as green walls or living walls, are structures that allow for the vertical planting of vegetation, either on the exterior or interior of buildings. These gardens can improve air quality, reduce urban heat island effects, enhance biodiversity, and provide aesthetic and psychological benefits. Vertical gardens can also contribute to energy efficiency by providing natural insulation and reducing the need for artificial cooling.

Source: Green Roofs for Healthy Cities

Vibroacoustic Therapy Spaces

Spaces designed to use sound and vibration for therapeutic purposes, promoting relaxation, stress reduction, and overall wellbeing. Vibroacoustic therapy involves the use of low-frequency sound waves and vibrations to stimulate the body and mind, often integrated into specially designed chairs, beds, or rooms. These spaces can be used in healthcare settings, spas, and wellness centers to support physical and mental health.

Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

View Quality Optimisation

The design and placement of windows and openings to maximise the quality of views from within a building. This approach considers factors such as natural scenery, daylight access, and visual connection to the outdoors to enhance occupant wellbeing. Optimising view quality can reduce stress, improve mood, and increase productivity by providing a connection to nature and the external environment.

Source: Environmental Design Research Association

Visual Ergonomics

The study and design of visual environments to reduce eye strain and improve comfort and performance. Visual ergonomics involves optimising lighting, screen placement, and contrast to create environments that support healthy vision and reduce the risk of eye-related issues. This approach is particularly important in workplaces and educational settings where prolonged screen use is common.

Source: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Walkability Design

Urban and architectural design strategies that prioritise pedestrian movement and accessibility. Walkability design includes features such as wide sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, green spaces, and mixed-use developments to create environments that encourage walking. Walkable communities promote physical activity, reduce reliance on cars, and enhance social interactions and community cohesion.

Source: Walk Score

Water-centric Design

An approach to design that prioritises the management, conservation, and aesthetic use of water. Water-centric design can include features such as rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavements, and water features to manage stormwater, enhance biodiversity, and create visually appealing environments. This approach supports sustainable water use and contributes to the overall health of ecosystems.

Source: American Society of Landscape Architects

Wellness Architecture

A design philosophy that integrates principles of health and wellbeing into the built environment. Wellness architecture focuses on creating spaces that support physical, mental, and emotional health through elements such as natural light, air quality, biophilic design, and ergonomic features. This approach aims to enhance the quality of life for occupants and promote a holistic sense of wellbeing.

Source: International WELL Building Institute

Xenohormesis in Design

The concept of incorporating stress-induced compounds from plants (xenohormesis) into design to promote human health and resilience. This approach leverages the idea that plants produce beneficial compounds when exposed to stress, which can then be used in materials or environments to enhance human wellbeing. Xenohormesis in design explores innovative ways to integrate these compounds into the built environment.

Source: Journal of Functional Foods

Yogic Architecture

An architectural approach that incorporates principles of yoga to create spaces that support physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing. Yogic architecture emphasizes harmony, balance, and mindfulness, using elements such as natural materials, sacred geometry, and spaces for meditation and yoga practice. This approach aims to create environments that promote inner peace and holistic health.

Source: Yoga Journal

Zen-inspired Spaces

Designs that draw inspiration from Zen Buddhism to create tranquil and contemplative environments. Zen-inspired spaces often feature minimalist aesthetics, natural materials, and elements such as water, stone, and plants to evoke a sense of calm and mindfulness. These spaces are designed to support meditation, relaxation, and a deep connection to the present moment.

Source: International Garden Centre Association